Description: The term ‘toxic’ refers to hazardous materials that can be harmful to human health and the environment. In the context of hardware, this includes a variety of chemical substances commonly found in electronic devices, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). These materials are used in the manufacturing of electronic components, such as circuit boards, batteries, and displays. The presence of these elements in hardware products poses serious risks, as they can be released into the environment during production, use, and especially during the disposal of these devices. The toxicity of these materials affects not only workers in factories but also consumers and communities where electronic waste is managed. Therefore, proper management of these materials is crucial to minimize their negative impact. Growing concerns about public health and sustainability have led to the implementation of stricter regulations on the use of toxic substances in hardware manufacturing, promoting safer and more sustainable alternatives in the tech industry.
History: The concept of toxic materials in technology has evolved since the 1970s when the dangers associated with the use of certain heavy metals in electronics began to be identified. In 2003, the European Union implemented the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) directive, which limits the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. This legislation marked a milestone in the regulation of toxic materials in the tech industry.
Uses: Toxic materials are used in the manufacturing of various electronic components, such as solder, printed circuits, and batteries. For example, lead has traditionally been used in solder for circuits, while mercury is found in some liquid crystal displays. However, due to regulations, many companies are seeking safer alternatives.
Examples: An example of a toxic material in hardware is lead, which was used in solder until the implementation of the RoHS directive. Another example is cadmium, which is found in some rechargeable batteries. Improper disposal of these devices can release these materials into the environment, causing pollution.
