Description: The term ‘transdermal’ refers to the administration of drugs through the skin, allowing them to be absorbed into the bloodstream without the need for injections or oral ingestion. This method is based on the ability of certain chemical compounds to penetrate the layers of the skin and reach the systemic circulation. Transdermal delivery systems are designed to provide controlled and sustained dosing of drugs, which can enhance treatment efficacy and reduce side effects associated with other routes of administration. Transdermal technology includes patches, gels, and creams that facilitate the delivery of medications in a non-invasive manner. This approach is particularly valuable in the treatment of chronic conditions, where adherence to treatment is crucial. Additionally, transdermal administration can avoid first-pass metabolism in the liver, often reducing the amount of medication needed to achieve a therapeutic effect. In summary, the use of transdermal methods represents a significant innovation in modern pharmacology, offering an effective and convenient alternative for drug administration.
History: The use of transdermal administration dates back to ancient times, although modern technology began to develop in the 1970s. In 1979, the first commercially available transdermal patch was introduced, containing scopolamine for the treatment of motion sickness. Since then, research has advanced significantly, allowing for the formulation of patches for a variety of medications, including hormones and analgesics. In the 1990s, nicotine patches became popular to help people quit smoking, marking a milestone in the acceptance of transdermal therapy.
Uses: Transdermal patches are primarily used for drug delivery in the treatment of various conditions such as chronic pain, hypertension, hormone therapy, and smoking cessation. New applications are also being researched in areas such as vaccination and the delivery of biological drugs. This method is particularly useful for patients who have difficulty swallowing or who require a constant release of medications.
Examples: Examples of drugs administered transdermally include the nicotine patch for smoking cessation, the fentanyl patch for pain management, and the estrogen patch used in hormone therapy. These patches allow for controlled and sustained release of drugs, improving treatment adherence and reducing side effects.
