Description: Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security process in which the user provides two different authentication factors to verify themselves. This method is used to enhance the security of accounts and systems, as it combines something the user knows (like a password) with something the user has (like a code sent to their mobile phone or a hardware token). 2FA is especially relevant in a digital world where cyber threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated. By requiring two forms of verification, the risk of unauthorized access is significantly reduced, even if an attacker manages to obtain the user’s password. Authentication factors can include authentication apps, text messages, emails, or hardware devices. Implementing two-factor authentication is a best practice in cybersecurity and is used by many online platforms, from social networks to banking services, to protect users’ sensitive information.
History: Two-factor authentication has its roots in the 1980s when more secure authentication methods began to be developed to protect computer systems. However, its popularization occurred in the 2000s when cyber threats began to increase significantly. In 2004, Google introduced two-factor authentication for its services, marking a milestone in the adoption of this technology. Since then, many companies have followed suit, implementing 2FA to enhance the security of their platforms.
Uses: Two-factor authentication is primarily used in online services that require a high level of security, such as banks, email services, social networks, and e-commerce platforms. It is also applied in corporate environments to protect access to critical systems and sensitive data. Additionally, many messaging and cloud storage applications have adopted 2FA to safeguard user information.
Examples: Examples of two-factor authentication include the use of apps like Google Authenticator or Authy, which generate temporary codes to access accounts. It can also be seen in services like Facebook, which sends a code via SMS to the user’s registered number when attempting to log in from a new device. Another example is the use of physical security keys, such as YubiKey, which provide an additional method of authentication.
