Description: Unconventional energy refers to energy sources that are not commonly used or serve as alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. These sources include solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and tidal energy, among others. Unlike conventional sources, which rely on finite and polluting resources, unconventional energy is based on renewable resources that are virtually inexhaustible and have a lower environmental impact. Its relevance has grown in recent decades due to increasing concerns about climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The transition to these energy sources is essential for achieving sustainable development, as they promote energy independence and diversification of the energy mix. Additionally, the technology associated with unconventional energy has advanced significantly, allowing for greater efficiency and cost reduction in its implementation. In this context, unconventional energy not only represents a viable solution to meet global energy demand but also contributes to job creation and economic development in various regions of the world.
History: Interest in unconventional energy sources began to grow in the 1970s, driven by the oil crisis of 1973, which highlighted the vulnerability of relying on fossil fuels. Since then, significant advancements have been made in technologies such as solar and wind energy. In 1980, the first commercial wind farms were established in Denmark and the United States. Over the years, research and development in this field have led to cost reductions and increased efficiency, making these sources more competitive against fossil fuels.
Uses: Unconventional energy sources are used in various applications, from electricity generation to heating and transportation. Solar energy is employed in photovoltaic panels to produce electricity and in thermal systems to heat water. Wind energy is used in wind turbines to generate electricity on a large scale. Geothermal energy is applied in heating systems and electricity generation in areas with geothermal activity. Biomass is used as fuel in boilers and in the production of biofuels.
Examples: Examples of unconventional energy include the use of solar panels in homes and commercial buildings to reduce reliance on the electrical grid. In Denmark, over 40% of electricity comes from wind farms. In Iceland, geothermal energy provides heating and electricity to a large part of the population. Additionally, in Brazil, sugarcane is used to produce ethanol as a biofuel, reducing dependence on oil.
