Description: Underwater sensors are devices designed to operate underwater, allowing monitoring and data collection in marine environments. These sensors are fundamental in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), as they facilitate the connection and exchange of information in real-time from various underwater locations to the cloud. Equipped with advanced technology, they can measure a variety of parameters such as temperature, pressure, salinity, and water quality, as well as detect movements and underwater sounds. Their robust and corrosion-resistant design is essential to withstand the extreme conditions of the aquatic medium. The integration of these sensors into IoT networks enables continuous data collection, which is crucial for scientific research, marine resource management, and environmental protection. Additionally, their ability to operate autonomously or in conjunction with unmanned underwater vehicles (ROVs) expands their applicability in various areas, from ocean exploration to marine life monitoring. In summary, underwater sensors are a key piece in the evolution of environmental monitoring and connectivity in the ocean, contributing to a better understanding of our aquatic ecosystems.
History: Underwater sensors began to be developed in the 1960s, driven by the need to monitor the marine environment for scientific research and military defense. With advancements in technology, particularly in the miniaturization of electronic components and the development of communication technologies, these devices have evolved significantly. In the 1980s and 1990s, more sophisticated sensors were introduced that could measure multiple parameters simultaneously, allowing for a better understanding of marine ecosystems. Since 2000, the integration of underwater sensors into IoT networks has revolutionized their use, enabling real-time data collection and large-scale analysis.
Uses: Underwater sensors are used in various applications, including oceanographic research, water quality monitoring, detection of underwater earthquakes, and tracking marine life. They are also essential in the fishing industry to assess ecosystem health and in the exploration of natural resources such as oil and gas. Additionally, they are used in environmental monitoring to detect changes in climate and water quality, contributing to ocean conservation.
Examples: An example of an underwater sensor is the water quality monitoring system developed by NOAA, which uses sensors to measure parameters such as temperature and salinity in real-time. Another case is the use of sensors in the Argo project, which deploys floats equipped with sensors to collect data on ocean currents and water temperature at different depths. Additionally, underwater sensors are used in marine life monitoring, such as tracking whales and dolphins using devices that record their movements and sounds.
