Description: The underwater turbine is an innovative device that converts the kinetic energy of underwater currents into mechanical energy, serving as a key tool in renewable energy generation. These turbines operate similarly to wind turbines but are designed to work underwater, harnessing the constant movement of ocean currents. Their design includes blades that spin when driven by the flow of water, which in turn activates a generator that produces electricity. Underwater turbines are particularly relevant in the context of sustainability, as they provide a clean and renewable energy source, contributing to the reduction of fossil fuel dependence and climate change mitigation. Additionally, their installation in areas with strong currents can generate large amounts of energy, making them an attractive option for electricity production in coastal regions. As technology advances, underwater turbines are becoming increasingly efficient and accessible, promising a bright future for their implementation in the global energy matrix.
History: The idea of harnessing energy from ocean currents began to take shape in the 1970s, although the first prototypes of underwater turbines were developed in the 1990s. In 2006, the first commercial underwater turbine was installed in the UK, marking a milestone in the history of this technology. Since then, several countries have invested in research and development to improve the efficiency and economic viability of these turbines.
Uses: Underwater turbines are primarily used for electricity generation in coastal areas and offshore. Applications in water desalination and powering underwater facilities, such as research platforms and aquaculture, are also being explored.
Examples: A notable example is the ‘SeaGen’ turbine, installed in Northern Ireland, which has demonstrated the viability of tidal energy. Another case is the ‘MCT’ project in Scotland, which has developed several underwater turbines to harness the currents of the Pentland Firth.
