Description: Ursus spelaeus, commonly known as the cave bear, is an extinct species of bear that inhabited Europe and parts of Asia during the Pleistocene. This majestic mammal was characterized by its large size, reaching up to 3.5 meters in length and weighing over 1,000 kilograms. Its morphology was robust, with a large skull and dentition adapted to an omnivorous diet, although it is believed that its diet primarily focused on vegetation. Fossils of Ursus spelaeus have been found in various caves, suggesting that these animals sought refuge in underground formations, especially during extreme cold periods. Its extinction occurred approximately 24,000 years ago, coinciding with climatic changes and hunting pressure from humans. The significance of Ursus spelaeus lies not only in its size and adaptations but also in its role in prehistoric culture, where it has been associated with rituals and mythologies of various civilizations. Its study provides valuable information about Pleistocene fauna and the interactions between humans and large mammals in antiquity.
History: Ursus spelaeus first appeared in the fossil record about 1.2 million years ago and was widely distributed across Europe, from the British Isles to the Balkans. Its evolution is linked to the climatic conditions of the Pleistocene, where it adapted to the cold winters of the time. The species reached its peak during the last glacial period but began to decline with climate warming and human expansion. Remains of these bears have been found in numerous caves, allowing paleontologists to study their behavior and habitat.
