Description: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a crucial signaling protein in the process of angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. This protein primarily acts on endothelial cells, which line blood vessels, promoting their proliferation, migration, and survival. VEGF is produced in response to hypoxic conditions, where the lack of oxygen stimulates its release to facilitate blood supply to tissues. Additionally, VEGF plays an important role in regulating vascular permeability, allowing the passage of nutrients and immune cells into tissues. Its relevance extends to various areas of biology and medicine, including oncology, where many malignant tumors secrete VEGF to promote their own blood supply, enabling them to grow and spread. Therefore, VEGF is not only fundamental for the normal development of blood vessels during growth and healing but has also become a therapeutic target in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and macular degeneration, where pathological angiogenesis is a key factor.
History: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor was first identified in 1983 by researcher Napoleone Ferrara and his team, who isolated it from a tumor extract. Since then, numerous studies have expanded our understanding of its role in angiogenesis and its implications in various pathologies. In 1993, the gene encoding VEGF was cloned, allowing for its recombinant production and the development of targeted therapies.
Uses: VEGF is used in biomedical research to study angiogenesis and its role in diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, VEGF inhibitors, such as bevacizumab, have been developed and are used in cancer treatments to limit tumor growth by blocking the formation of new blood vessels.
Examples: An example of VEGF use in clinical practice is the treatment of patients with metastatic colon cancer, where bevacizumab is administered to inhibit tumor growth. Another example is the use of anti-VEGF therapies in patients with wet macular degeneration, where medications that block VEGF are injected to reduce vision loss.
