Description: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a type of congenital heart defect characterized by the presence of a hole in the septum separating the right and left ventricles of the heart. This defect allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix, which can lead to volume overload in the heart and lungs. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the size of the defect and the amount of blood flowing through it. In some cases, infants may not show obvious symptoms at birth, but over time they may develop respiratory problems, fatigue, or growth delays. VSD is one of the most common congenital heart defects, accounting for approximately 25% of all cases. Diagnosis is typically made through echocardiograms, which visualize the heart’s structure and blood flow. Treatment may include medications to manage symptoms or surgery to close the defect, depending on the severity of the condition. Early detection and proper management are crucial for improving the prognosis and quality of life for affected patients.
History: Ventricular septal defect has been recognized for over a century, but its understanding has significantly evolved. In the 1940s, the first attempts at surgery to correct this defect were made, although the results were limited. With advancements in medical technology and surgical techniques in the following decades, the success rate of surgeries has drastically improved. Today, VSD can be effectively treated, and many patients lead normal lives after intervention.
Uses: Ventricular septal defect is used in the medical context to refer to a specific diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Its identification is crucial for the proper management of patients, as it can influence decisions regarding surgical interventions and medical treatments. Additionally, VSD is a common term in clinical studies and research on congenital heart diseases.
Examples: An example of a ventricular septal defect is the case of a newborn who presents a heart murmur during a routine examination. After performing an echocardiogram, the presence of a small VSD is confirmed, which is monitored during the first years of life. In some cases, the defect may close spontaneously, while in others, surgery may be necessary to correct it.
