Description: Wave energy refers to the energy harnessed from the movement of ocean waves. This type of renewable energy is generated by converting the mechanical motion of waves into electrical or thermal energy. Waves are the result of wind action on the water’s surface, and their energy can be captured through various technologies that transform this movement into electricity. Wave energy is considered a clean and sustainable energy source, as it produces no polluting emissions during operation and has a relatively low environmental impact compared to fossil fuel sources. Furthermore, its potential is significant, as it is estimated that waves can generate a considerable amount of energy in coastal regions, thus contributing to the diversification of the energy matrix and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Research and development in this field are continuously evolving, seeking to improve the efficiency and economic viability of wave energy capture technologies, making it a promising option for the future of sustainable energy.
History: The history of wave energy dates back to the early 20th century when the first experiments to harness this resource were conducted. In 1940, the first wave energy plant was built on the coast of Oregon, although it was not commercially viable. Over the decades, several countries have invested in research and development, with significant milestones such as the Pelamis device in 2000, which was one of the first wave energy systems to be tested at sea.
Uses: Wave energy is primarily used to generate electricity in coastal facilities. Its use for water desalination and powering energy systems in remote islands is also being researched. Additionally, applications in the maritime transport industry are being explored, where wave energy could complement other energy sources.
Examples: A practical example of wave energy is the ‘WaveRoller’ project in Portugal, which uses submerged panels to capture wave energy. Another case is the ‘Pelamis’ device, which has been tested in Scotland and Portugal to generate electricity from wave motion.
