Description: Wireless sensor networks consist of spatially distributed autonomous sensors that monitor physical or environmental conditions. These sensors can collect data on various variables such as temperature, humidity, pressure, light, and motion, and transmit this information through a wireless network to a central system for analysis. The most notable feature of these networks is their ability to operate without the need for cables, allowing for flexible installation and easy adaptation to different environments. Additionally, they are often energy-efficient, enabling them to operate for extended periods on batteries. Edge inference refers to the ability to process data and make decisions at the same location where it is generated, rather than sending all information to a central server. This reduces latency and bandwidth usage, allowing for faster and more efficient responses. Wireless sensor networks are essential in applications where immediacy and efficiency are crucial, such as environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, smart city management, and industrial automation.
History: Wireless sensor networks began to be developed in the 1960s, but significant evolution occurred in the 1990s with advancements in microelectronics technology and the proliferation of wireless communication devices. In 1999, the term ‘wireless sensor networks’ was popularized by a research project at the University of California, Berkeley, which laid the groundwork for the development of more advanced sensor technologies. Since then, numerous protocols and standards have emerged to enhance the interoperability and efficiency of these networks.
Uses: Wireless sensor networks are used in a variety of applications, including environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, water resource management, health and wellness, industrial automation, and security. In the environmental field, they are used to track changes in air and water quality. In agriculture, they allow farmers to monitor soil and weather conditions to optimize irrigation and fertilization. In the healthcare sector, they are employed for patient tracking and monitoring medical conditions.
Examples: An example of a wireless sensor network is the air quality monitoring system in cities, where sensors are installed at various points to measure pollutants and provide real-time data to authorities. Another example is the use of sensors in precision agriculture, where they are used to measure soil moisture and optimize irrigation. They are also used in security systems to detect movements or intrusions in sensitive areas.
