Description: The transport layer in X.25 handles end-to-end communication between devices. This protocol, designed for data transmission in packet-switched networks, provides a robust framework for the reliable delivery of information. X.25 operates at the data link and network layers of the OSI model, allowing it to manage data segmentation, flow control, and error correction. Its architecture enables multiple devices to communicate simultaneously, ensuring that data is sent and received in an orderly manner without loss. Additionally, X.25 can establish virtual connections, facilitating communication between different networks and devices regardless of their physical location. This routing and connection management capability is essential for applications requiring high availability and reliability in data transmission, such as telecommunications, banking, and critical business communications.
History: X.25 was developed in the 1970s by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a standard for data communication in packet-switched networks. Its first specification was published in 1976, and it quickly gained adoption worldwide, especially in business and government environments. Over the years, X.25 evolved with enhancements in performance and security, although it was eventually surpassed by more modern technologies like TCP/IP. Nevertheless, its legacy endures in the way current data networks are structured.
Uses: X.25 is primarily used in telecommunications networks for data transmission between devices. It is common in applications requiring high reliability, such as payment systems, banking networks, and critical data communications. It has also been used in industrial control systems and in connecting terminals to various types of computers.
Examples: An example of X.25 usage is in ATM networks, where secure and reliable communication between the ATM and the bank is required. Another example is in air traffic control systems, where data integrity is crucial for safety.
