Description: Monitoring exposure to X-rays refers to the practice of measuring and recording the levels of exposure of individuals to ionizing radiation generated by X-rays in various environments, such as hospitals, laboratories, and research centers. This process is crucial to ensure the safety of workers and patients who are exposed to this radiation, as excessive exposure can have adverse health effects, including an increased risk of cancer. Monitoring is carried out using specialized devices, such as dosimeters, which quantify the dose of radiation received over time. Furthermore, monitoring is not limited to occupational exposure but also applies in emergency situations, where it is vital to assess radiation exposure in case of accidents. The implementation of X-ray exposure monitoring programs is an integral part of health and safety regulations in the workplace and contributes to creating a safer work environment. The information collected through these monitoring systems is also fundamental for research and the development of new technologies in the fields of radiology and nuclear medicine.
History: The discovery of X-rays is attributed to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who identified them in 1895. Since then, the need to monitor exposure to this form of radiation has grown, especially in the medical field. In the following decades, the first dosimeters were developed, devices that measure exposure to ionizing radiation. As technology advanced, so did monitoring methods, incorporating more precise and efficient technologies. In the 1970s, stricter regulations on X-ray exposure began to be established, leading to the implementation of monitoring programs in hospitals and clinics.
Uses: Monitoring exposure to X-rays is primarily used in medical settings, where healthcare workers, such as radiologists and radiology technicians, are exposed to ionizing radiation. It is also applied in various industries, where X-rays are used to inspect materials and products. Additionally, it is essential in emergency situations, such as nuclear accidents, where assessing radiation exposure is required. The data obtained from monitoring is used to ensure compliance with safety regulations and to conduct epidemiological studies on the effects of radiation.
Examples: A practical example of monitoring exposure to X-rays is the use of personal dosimeters worn by radiology technicians in hospitals. These devices record the amount of radiation they are exposed to during their workday. Another case is monitoring in industrial plants that use X-rays for material inspection, where constant tracking of worker exposure is required. In emergency situations, such as an accident at a nuclear plant, radiation monitors are used to assess the exposure of rescue workers.
