Description: Xenon-135 is a radioactive isotope of xenon, a noble chemical element found in the periodic table with the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. This isotope is particularly significant in the field of nuclear physics due to its role as a potent neutron absorber. With a half-life of approximately 9.14 hours, xenon-135 is primarily produced as a fission product in nuclear reactors. Its ability to capture neutrons makes it a critical element in regulating the chain reaction within a reactor, as it can influence the reactivity of the core. Additionally, xenon-135 decays into the stable isotope xenon-136, adding an extra dimension to its study in the context of nuclear fission and waste management. Understanding this isotope is essential for optimizing the performance of nuclear reactors and ensuring their safe and efficient operation.
History: Xenon-135 was first identified in the 1940s during the development of nuclear energy and research on fission. As understanding of nuclear processes advanced, it became clear that xenon-135 was a significant fission product in nuclear reactors. Its importance became evident in the 1950s when reactivity control techniques were implemented in reactors, where xenon-135 played a crucial role in regulating the chain reaction.
Uses: Xenon-135 is primarily used in the nuclear industry, where its ability to absorb neutrons is harnessed to control reactivity in nuclear reactors. It is employed in reactivity control systems, where its concentration is monitored to adjust reactor power. Additionally, its study is fundamental in research on nuclear waste management and reactor safety.
Examples: A practical example of the use of xenon-135 can be found in pressurized water reactors, where reactivity control strategies account for the buildup of xenon-135 after a reactor shutdown. This phenomenon, known as ‘poisoning’, can affect the reactor’s restart and must be managed properly to ensure safe operation.
