Description: A xenotransgenic organism is one that has been genetically modified by the insertion of genes from another species. This technique is used to introduce desired traits that are not found in the original organism, allowing for the creation of hybrids with enhanced properties. Xenotransgenic organisms can include plants, animals, and microorganisms, and their modification is carried out through various biotechnological techniques, such as gene editing and DNA transfer. The relevance of xenotransgenics lies in their potential to address challenges in agriculture, medicine, and scientific research, enabling the production of more resilient crops, the creation of animal models for biomedical studies, and the development of gene therapies. These organisms represent a significant advance in the understanding of genetics and biology, as well as in the application of biotechnology to improve quality of life and environmental sustainability.
History: The concept of xenotransgenic organisms began to develop in the 1980s when scientists started experimenting with gene transfer between species. One important milestone was the creation of transgenic mice in 1980, which served as models for genetic studies. Over the years, the technology has evolved, and in 2003, genetic modification of pigs was achieved to produce organs compatible with humans, a significant advance in the field of xenotransplantation.
Uses: Xenotransgenic organisms have multiple applications, including the production of agricultural crops that are more resistant to pests and diseases, the creation of animal models for biomedical research, and the production of organs for transplantation in humans. They are also used in the production of drugs and vaccines, as well as in bioremediation to clean up environmental contaminants.
Examples: A notable example of a xenotransgenic organism is the transgenic pig that has been modified to produce organs that are less likely to be rejected by the human immune system. Another example is Bt corn, which has been modified to express a protein that makes it resistant to certain insects, thereby reducing the need for pesticides.
