Description: XLog is the transaction log in PostgreSQL that records all changes made to the database, allowing for recovery and replication. This logging system is fundamental for ensuring data integrity and durability, as every operation that modifies the database state is documented in this log. XLog enables the database to be restored to a consistent state in the event of a system failure using the information stored. Additionally, it facilitates data replication between servers, which is essential for the scalability and high availability of applications relying on database systems. Entries in the XLog include details about transactions, changes to tables, and other significant events affecting the structure and content of the database. This mechanism is not only crucial for disaster recovery but also optimizes performance by allowing write operations to be performed more efficiently. In summary, XLog is an essential component of transaction logging systems in many database management systems, ensuring that data is secure and accessible even in adverse situations.