Description: The zygomatic fracture is an injury that affects the zygomatic bone, also known as the cheekbone. This bone is essential for facial structure, as it is part of the eye socket and contributes to the shape of the face. Zygomatic fractures often occur as a result of facial trauma, such as car accidents, falls, or physical assaults. These fractures can vary in severity, from small cracks to complete fractures that may displace the bone. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, facial deformity, and difficulty opening the mouth or moving the jaw. The evaluation of a zygomatic fracture typically involves a physical examination and imaging studies, such as X-rays or CT scans, to determine the extent of the injury and plan appropriate treatment. Timely medical attention is crucial to avoid long-term complications, such as aesthetic or functional problems in the jaw and eyes.
History: The term ‘zygomatic fracture’ has been used in medicine for over a century, although the study of facial fractures dates back to antiquity. In the 19th century, with advancements in anatomy and surgery, facial fractures began to be classified and treated more systematically. The introduction of advanced surgical techniques in the 20th century allowed for better management of these injuries, improving aesthetic and functional outcomes for patients.
Uses: Zygomatic fractures are primarily treated in the field of maxillofacial surgery. Surgeons use various techniques to repair these fractures, which may include closed reduction, where the bones are aligned without the need for incisions, or open reduction, which involves surgery to directly access the bone. Additionally, implants and fixation plates are used to stabilize the fracture during the healing process.
Examples: A typical case of a zygomatic fracture may occur in a car accident, where the impact can cause a fracture in the zygomatic bone. Another example is in contact sports, such as boxing, where a direct blow to the face can result in this injury. In both cases, treatment may include surgery to repair the bone and restore facial function and aesthetics.
